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Glossary Traceability & Serialization

Barcode Scanning

Also called: Barcode Tracking
Barcode scanning is the use of optical scanning technology to read a machine-readable barcode or 2D data matrix code encoding information such as a part number, lot number, serial number or location, converting that data into a system entry without manual typing. Widely used across manufacturing, warehousing and retail, barcode scanning is a simple, cost-effective way to capture data accurately at key points such as receiving, production, inventory movement and shipping. 

Quick facts

Category Optical, line-of-sight data capture technology
Used by Manufacturing, warehousing, retail, healthcare and other industries tracking physical inventory
Also called None widely standardized
Related standards None specific
Related processes Lot traceability, serial number traceability, manufacturing inventory control, RFID tracking
Semantic match barcode scanning, barcode tracking, optical data capture, 2D data matrix code

What is Barcode Scanning?

Barcode scanning captures data encoded in a barcode or 2D data matrix code using a handheld or fixed optical scanner, translating a printed pattern into digital information such as a part number, lot number or location without requiring an operator to manually type the data.

Because barcodes require direct line of sight between the scanner and the code, scanning is typically a deliberate, one-at-a-time action, whether scanning a single item during receiving or scanning each unit as it moves through a production or shipping process.

Barcode systems are widely valued for their simplicity and low cost compared to more advanced tracking technologies, using inexpensive printed labels and relatively affordable scanning hardware, making them accessible even for smaller manufacturers and warehouses.

Why is Barcode Scanning important?

Barcode scanning significantly reduces data entry errors compared to manual typing, since the scanned code is read directly rather than transcribed by hand, which is prone to typos and transposition mistakes.

By capturing data at the point of activity, such as receiving, production or shipping, barcode scanning supports real-time inventory accuracy and traceability without requiring a separate, delayed data entry step.

Because barcode technology is relatively inexpensive and widely understood, it offers an accessible entry point for organizations improving their data capture practices without the higher upfront investment RFID systems can require.

How does Barcode Scanning work?

A typical barcode scanning process includes:

  1. Barcode generation. Print a barcode or data matrix code encoding relevant product or location information.
  2. Label application. Apply the barcode label to the product, container or location.
  3. Scanning. Use a handheld or fixed scanner to read the code at key process points.
  4. System update. Automatically update inventory, production or shipping records based on the scanned data.
  5. Verification. Confirm scanned data matches expected values, flagging discrepancies for review.
  6. Reporting. Use captured scan data to support traceability and inventory reporting.

Barcode Scanning vs. RFID Tracking

Comparison Barcode Scanning RFID Tracking
Line of sight Required Not required
Scanning method One item at a time Can read multiple tags simultaneously
Typical cost Lower Higher

Real-world examples of Barcode Scanning

A manufacturer scans a barcode on an incoming material shipment, automatically recording the lot number and quantity into inventory without manual data entry.

A warehouse worker scans a barcode during picking, confirming the correct item and quantity before it is added to an outgoing shipment.

A production operator scans a work order barcode at the start of a job, automatically linking subsequent material and labor entries to the correct production record.

Regulations and standards related to Barcode Scanning

Barcode scanning is not a regulatory requirement itself, but the accurate, real-time data capture it enables supports traceability expectations found in ISO 9001, ISO 13485 and similar quality management standards.

How QT9 helps with Barcode Scanning

QT9 ERP barcode scanning capabilities

  • Use barcode scanning for receiving, transfers, cycle counts and more.
  • Track lot number or serial number traceability from purchase to shipping.
  • Reduce manual data entry errors across inventory and production processes.
  • Connect barcode scans directly to work orders and quality records.
  • Support real-time inventory updates as scans occur.
  • Provide mobile scanning options across the shop floor and warehouse.

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Common mistakes with Barcode Scanning

Common mistakes include applying poor-quality or damaged barcode labels that become unreadable over time, particularly in harsh manufacturing environments involving heat, moisture or abrasion.

Other problems include inconsistent scanning discipline, where employees skip scanning steps under time pressure, creating gaps in otherwise continuous traceability data.

Frequently asked questions

A traditional barcode uses a linear pattern of lines encoding limited data, while a 2D data matrix code uses a square pattern that can encode significantly more information in a smaller space, such as a serial number, lot number and expiration date together.
Yes. Barcode scanning requires the scanner to have a direct line of sight to the code, meaning items typically need to be scanned individually rather than in bulk, unlike some RFID systems.
By capturing data directly from a scanned code rather than requiring manual typing, barcode scanning eliminates the transcription errors, such as typos or transposed digits, common with manual data entry.
Generally, yes. Barcode systems typically involve lower-cost printed labels and more affordable scanning hardware compared to RFID tags and readers, making barcode scanning an accessible option for many organizations.
Yes. Barcodes can encode lot or serial number information, and scanning that code at key points, such as receiving, production and shipping, builds the traceability record connecting materials to finished products.
A damaged or unreadable barcode may require manual data entry as a fallback, which reintroduces the error risk barcode scanning is meant to reduce, making durable labeling important in demanding manufacturing environments.

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Last reviewed: July 21, 2026